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Docker常用命令

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帮助命令

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docker version		# 显示docker 的版本信息
docker info			# 显示docker 的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help 	# 帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：参考文档|Docker 文档

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

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xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker images 
REPOSITORY                        TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
solr                              8                   ce1fcccc6f5e        5 days ago          563MB
solr                              latest              ce1fcccc6f5e        5 days ago          563MB

# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG        镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的id
CREATE     镜像的创建时间
SIZE       镜像的大小

# 可选项
Options:
  -a, --all             # 列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的id

xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker images -aq
ce1fcccc6f5e
ce1fcccc6f5e

docker search 搜索镜像

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xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker search mysql
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql                            MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12350               [OK]                
mariadb                          MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4753                [OK]                
mysql/mysql-server               Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   916                                     [OK]

# 可选项，通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000		# 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql               MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12350               [OK]                
mariadb             MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4753                [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

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# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest	# 如果不写tag,就默认latest最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
f003217c5aae: Pull complete 	# 分层下载,docker image的核心 联合文件系统
65d94f01a09f: Pull complete 
43d78aaa6078: Pull complete 
a0f91ffbdf69: Pull complete 
59ee9e07e12f: Pull complete 
04d82978082c: Pull complete 
70f46ebb971a: Pull complete 
db6ea71d471d: Pull complete 
c2920c795b25: Pull complete 
26c3bdf75ff5: Pull complete 
9ec1f1f78b0e: Pull complete 
4607fa685ac6: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1c75ba7716c6f73fc106dacedfdcf13f934ea8c161c8b3b3e4618bcd5fbcf195	# 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest	# 真实地址

# 等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
f003217c5aae: Already exists 
65d94f01a09f: Already exists 
43d78aaa6078: Already exists 
a0f91ffbdf69: Already exists 
59ee9e07e12f: Already exists 
04d82978082c: Already exists 
70f46ebb971a: Already exists 	
ba61822c65c2: Pull complete 	# 指定版本只需要下载和之前不同的部分
dec59acdf78a: Pull complete 
0a05235a6981: Pull complete 
c87d621d6916: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1a73b6a8f507639a8f91ed01ace28965f4f74bb62a9d9b9e7378d5f07fab79dc
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

image-20220405183232675

docker rmi 删除镜像

rmi=rm 删除 + i 镜像(image),删除镜像

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docker rmi 镜像id 					# 删除指定镜像
docker rmi 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id	 	 # 删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)	 # 删除全部镜像

xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker rmi f26e21ddd20d	# 镜像id

容器命令

说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

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docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

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docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name=“Nmae” 	容器名字  solr01 solr02 用来区分容器
-d            	后台方式运行，类型nohup，docker里只要加上-d
-it				使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p				指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口：容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口（容器）
	-p 容器端口
	容器端口
-P				随机指定端口

# 测试,启动并进入容器 -it交互模式
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@17e53f625cbc /]# ls	# 查看容器内部的centos,基础版本,很多命令是不完善的
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 从容器中退回主机
[root@17e53f625cbc /]# exit
exit
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ ls
data  log4j2.xml  logs
xxx@data:~/solrdata$

列出所有运行中的容器

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# docker ps 命令
		# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a		# 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?	# 显示最近创建的容器
-q		# 只显示容器的编号


xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS               PORTS               NAMES
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS               PORTS               NAMES
17e53f625cbc        centos                                                 "/bin/bash"              3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 58 seconds ago                                                            magical_haibt

退出容器

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exit	# 直接容器停止并退出
Crtl + P + Q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

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docker rm 容器id					# 删除指定容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除,rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)	 # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm	 # 删除所有容器(高级)

启动和停止容器的操作

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docker start 容器id		# 启动容器
docker restart 容器id		# 重启容器
docker stop 容器id		# 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id		# 强制停止当前容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

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# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker run -d centos
7c5bca7cedbe3d4c32aa5273b9068a9d154a2e5f7a665f5861f8369a1a592862

# 问题 docker ps 发现centos停止了
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS               PORTS               NAMES

# 常见的坑,docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了

查看日志

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# 可选项
Options:
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps


# 测试
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker logs -f -t 508f4663f65e # 没有日志

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
"while true;do echo wjm;sleep 1;done"
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo wjm;sleep 1;done"

xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS                                                  NAMES
5a96132edf5d        centos                     "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   55 seconds ago      Up 53 seconds                                                                  priceless_elbakyan
# 显示日志
 -tf		   # 显示日志
 --tail number # 要显示的日志条数

查看容器中的进程信息 ps

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# 命令 docker top 容器id
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker top 5a96132edf5d
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                4109297             4109277             0                   15:33               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo wjm;sleep 1;done
root                4112148             4109297             0                   15:40               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像的元数据

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# 命令 docker inspect 容器id

# 测试
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker inspect 5a96132edf5d
[
    {
        "Id": "5a96132edf5d25f7b434f20e843e50129d6dbdacb101785827b75c0f96bf5c67",
        "Created": "2022-04-04T07:33:47.224853805Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo wjm;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4109297,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-04-04T07:33:48.561816958Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5a96132edf5d25f7b434f20e843e50129d6dbdacb101785827b75c0f96bf5c67/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5a96132edf5d25f7b434f20e843e50129d6dbdacb101785827b75c0f96bf5c67/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5a96132edf5d25f7b434f20e843e50129d6dbdacb101785827b75c0f96bf5c67/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5a96132edf5d25f7b434f20e843e50129d6dbdacb101785827b75c0f96bf5c67/5a96132edf5d25f7b434f20e843e50129d6dbdacb101785827b75c0f96bf5c67-json.log",
        "Name": "/priceless_elbakyan",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a18d17416e95b7779000e3864c1a96bf7eed2d4784d3c84789971bbf77a49b5e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/81761618a33f3926b117dce5b1a9ae7094d898b3d32f20d50da147a2c0c1dfd0/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a18d17416e95b7779000e3864c1a96bf7eed2d4784d3c84789971bbf77a49b5e/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a18d17416e95b7779000e3864c1a96bf7eed2d4784d3c84789971bbf77a49b5e/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a18d17416e95b7779000e3864c1a96bf7eed2d4784d3c84789971bbf77a49b5e/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "5a96132edf5d",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo wjm;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "e8757375dc8ce5c604047bace5801859349b35be01c4d0983f6e18aefad6d7c8",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/e8757375dc8c",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "35abfaa04e627a268c7c0a2279bbd919c831c66dcb7e87ca7afa95694b2c6cd0",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:05",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "99b4b446329155dc0d91f3989f0cd78ac1c354467b34c72c1ac8a51085632eb8",
                    "EndpointID": "35abfaa04e627a268c7c0a2279bbd919c831c66dcb7e87ca7afa95694b2c6cd0",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:05",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

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# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器修改一些配置

# 命令1 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

# 测试
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE        COMMAND        CREATED        STATUS        PORTS        NAMES
5a96132edf5d        centos        "/bin/bash -c 'while…"        12 minutes ago        Up 12 minutes        priceless_elbakyan

xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker exec -it 5a96132edf5d /bin/bash
[root@5a96132edf5d /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@5a96132edf5d /]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 07:33 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo wjm;sleep 1;done
root         750       0  0 07:46 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         771       1  0 07:46 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root         772     750  0 07:46 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 命令2 docker attach 容器id

# 测试
xxx@data:~/solrdata$ sudo docker attach 5a96132edf5d 
正在执行当前代码...


# docker exec		# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach		# 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!,while true的话就死循环了

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

容器内和容器外是隔离的,如何拷贝?

image-20220404155319337

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# 命令 docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径

# 查看帮助 看到是可以双向拷贝的
xxx@data:~$ sudo docker cp --help
Usage:	docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
	docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH

Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem

Use '-' as the source to read a tar archive from stdin
and extract it to a directory destination in a container.
Use '-' as the destination to stream a tar archive of a
container source to stdout.

Options:
  -a, --archive       Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information)
  -L, --follow-link   Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH

# 测试
# 查看当前主机目录下的文件
xxx@data:~$ ls
solrdata  total.csv
# 进入docker容器内部
xxx@data:~$ sudo docker attach 825f1e107b64
[root@825f1e107b64 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@825f1e107b64 /]# cd home/
# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@825f1e107b64 home]# touch test.java
[root@825f1e107b64 home]# ls
test.java
[root@825f1e107b64 home]# exit
exit
# 容器内/home/test.java拷贝到主机上的默认目录
xxx@data:~$ sudo docker cp 825f1e107b64:/home/test.java .	
xxx@data:~$ ls
solrdata  test.java  total.csv


# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术可以实现自动同步 /home /home

小节

image-20220404163030861

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Commands:
  attach      Attach to a running container						# 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile					# 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes		# 提交当前容器为新镜像
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem	# 从容器中拷贝文件到宿主机中
  create      Create a new container							# 创建一个新的容器,同 run ,但不启动容器
  diff        Inspect changes  on a container's filesystem		# 查看 docker 容器的变化
  events      Get real time events from the server				# 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件
  exec        Run a command in a running container				# 再已存在的容器中运行命令
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive	# 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ]
  history     Show the history of an image						# 展示一个镜像形成历史
  images      List images										# 列出系统当前镜像
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image	# 从 tar 包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应 import ]
  info        Display system-wide information					# 展示系统相关信息
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects	# 查看容器详细信息
  kill        Kill one or more running containers				# kill 指定容器
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN			# 从 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 sava ]
  login       Log in to a Docker registry						# 注册或者登录一个 docker 源服务器
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry					# 退出登录
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container						# 输出容器的日志
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers	# 暂停容器
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container	# 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
  ps          List containers									# 列出容器列表
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry		# 从 docker 镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry		# 推送指定镜像至 docker 镜像源服务器
  rename      Rename a container								# 重命名容器
  restart     Restart one or more containers					# 重构其容器
  rm          Remove one or more containers						# 删除一个或多个容器
  rmi         Remove one or more images							# 删除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像时才能删除,否则需要删除相关容器才能继续,或者 -f 强制删除]
  run         Run a command in a new container					# 创建一个新的容器并运行命令
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)	# 保存镜像为 tar 包[对应 load ]
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images					# 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
  start       Start one or more stopped containers				# 启动容器
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics	# 展示容器的实时资源占用情况
  stop        Stop one or more running containers				# 停止容器
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE	# 给源中镜像打标签
  top         Display the running processes of a container		# 查看容器中运行的进程信息
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers	# 取消暂停容器
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers	# 更新容器的配置
  version     Show the Docker version information				# 查看 docker 版本号
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes	# 截取容器停止时的退出状态值

docker命令很多,上面都是最常用的.

作业练习

Docker 安装 Nginx

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# 1. 搜索镜像 search ,建议到 docker hub 上搜索查看详细文档 
# 2. 下载镜像 pull
# 3. 运行测试

# -d 后台运行
# --name 给容器命名
# -p 宿主机(linux服务器)端口,容器(docker)内部端口
xxx@data:~$ sudo docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
659cd3e2b3825a85c7e4b02ad2fe52be267fa2fd5425391162b859fec5f3c9c4
xxx@data:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE             COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS             PORTS             NAMES
659cd3e2b382        nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"             33 seconds ago             Up 31 seconds             0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp             nginx01

# 测试访问成功
xxx@data:~$ curl localhost:3344
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
.......
</body>
</html>

# 进入容器
xxx@data:~$ sudo docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@659cd3e2b382:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@659cd3e2b382:/# cd /etc/nginx

端口暴露的概念

image-20220404172634182

思考问题: 我们每次改动nginx配置文件,都需要进入容器内部 ? 十分麻烦,要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径,达到在容器外部修改文件,容器内部就可以自动修改? -v 数据卷

Docker 安装 tomcat

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# 官方的使用
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0

# 我们之前的使用都是 -d 后台,停止容器后,容器还是可以查到.--rm 表示用完就删.
# 所以 docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0 一般用来测试,用完即删

# 下载再启动
docker pull tomcat:9.0

# 启动运行
docker run -d -p 3344:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat

# 测试访问没有问题

# 进入容器

xxx@data:~$ sudo docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
root@e145ea35d953:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt	 LICENSE  README.md	 RUNNING.txt  conf  logs	    temp     webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md  NOTICE   RELEASE-NOTES  bin	      lib   native-jni-lib  webapps  work
root@e145ea35d953:/usr/local/tomcat# ls -al
total 176
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4096 Apr  1 19:34 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4096 Mar 30 05:14 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19004 Mar 31 14:24 BUILDING.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  6210 Mar 31 14:24 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60269 Mar 31 14:24 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2333 Mar 31 14:24 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3378 Mar 31 14:24 README.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  6905 Mar 31 14:24 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16507 Mar 31 14:24 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  1 19:34 bin
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4096 Apr  4 09:43 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  1 19:34 lib
drwxrwxrwx 1 root root  4096 Apr  4 09:43 logs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  1 19:34 native-jni-lib
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Apr  1 19:34 temp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  1 19:34 webapps
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root  4096 Mar 31 14:24 webapps.dist
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Mar 31 14:24 work
root@e145ea35d953:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@e145ea35d953:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@e145ea35d953:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# 

# 发现问题 1.linux命令少了  2. 404 not found -->没有webapps    是镜像的原因,默认是最小的镜像,所有不必要的都剔除了
# 保证最小可运行环境

image-20220404174410059

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# 更改配置再访问
root@e145ea35d953:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
root@e145ea35d953:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@e145ea35d953:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager

404 变成了完整页面, 全程都是在docker里修改,同样可以部署

image-20220404175010930

思考问题: 我们以后要部署项目,如果每次都要进入容器是不是十分麻烦?要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径,webapps,我们在外部放置项目,就自动同步到内部就好了!

现在 docker 容器: tomcat + 网站内容 ; 如果将来 docker 容器放 mysql + 数据库数据 , 再如果把容器删了 , 就相当于删库跑路了…. 非常不科学 . (期待 -v 数据卷 如何解决)

Docker 部署 es + kibana(没有实际部署)

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# es 暴露的端口很多
# es 十分耗内存
# es 的数据一般需要放置到安全目录! 挂载
# --net somenetwork ? 网络配置

# 下载 启动
docker run -d --name elasticsearch01 --net somenetwork -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2

# 启动了 Linux就卡住了   因为非常占内存

# docker stats 查看cpu的状态

image-20220404181625831

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# 赶紧关闭,增加内存限制,修改配置文件 -e 环境配置修改 限制最小最大占用内存
docker run -d --name elasticsearch02 --net somenetwork -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
# docker stats 查看cpu的状态

image-20220404181645136

使用 kibana 连接 es ? 思考网络如何连接.

image-20220404182053887

参考

以上是看 b 站教学视频记的笔记。

教程地址：【狂神说Java】Docker最新超详细版教程通俗易懂_哔哩哔哩_bilibili